Differentiation of the jump shot technique in handball players of various qualification levels based on kinematic indicators

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the kinematic and biomechanical differences that occur during the execution of the jump-shot technique in elite and sub-elite male handball players. A total of ten right-handed athletes (five elite and five sub-elite) participated in the study; each player performed four jump shots. Movements were recorded and analyzed using high-speed 3D motion capture, electromechanical sensors, and laser radar technology. Based on the collected data, key kinematic variables such as center-of-mass oscillation and footmovement distances were analyzed in detail. The findings revealed that vertical movement components and explosive-strength parameters play a critical role in increasing throwing force during the jump shot. The results indicate that greater vertical displacement and optimal coordination of lower-limb actions contribute significantly to throwing efficiency. Considering the biomechanical advantages of the jump-shot technique is essential for individualizing technical training programs and preventing sports injuries. This study highlights the importance of applying biomechanical diagnostics in handball to improve performance and maintain player health.