Historical and cultural monuments of Karaganda region (experience of quantitative and typological characteristics comparison by national indicators)

Abstract

The article considers the quantitative and typological characteristics of the monuments of historical and cultural heritage included in the state lists of historical and cultural monuments of local significance of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Statistical processing of data at the regional level was carried out and their indicators were compared using cartographic and infographic methods. By the number of monuments in the regions in absolute terms, it can be noted that the monuments of history and culture are distributed in the territory of the republic extremely unevenly. Visibility allows the regions to be identified as leaders and outsiders by this indicator. The largest number of historical and cultural monuments is registered in the territory of West Kazakhstan region, the smallest in Kyzylorda region. Absolute quantitative data are not sufficiently representative, since the number of monuments can be determined by the area. For this reason, work was done to determine the density of monuments on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan based on the number of monuments per square kilometer. According to this indicator, the region is also the youngest from each other. The highest density of monuments in the republic is in West Kazakhstan region, the lowest — in Kostanay. As can be seen from the maps and diagrams, the gap in the number of monuments is simply colossal. This kind of imbalance demonstrates the difference in the approach to identifying monuments of history and culture and their inclusion in state lists. All this allows us to single out 2 factors that can affect the number of monuments of historical and cultural heritage. Objectively, no so many monuments have saved due to various factors. Such as natural and climatic conditions for this reason, some monuments could be lost (mudflows, floods, earthquakes, etc.). Subjectively, the number of historical and cultural monuments may depend on the activity of state bodies in the field of protection of monuments. The recognition of objects of historical and cultural heritage as monuments of history and culture is confirmed by their approval in the State List of Historical and Cultural Monuments of international, republican and local significance, subject to mandatory official publication.