Component composition of Achillea salicifolia Besser essential oil and its biological activity

Abstract

In the present article the component composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Achillea salicifolia Besser (Asteraceae Family) were studied. The raw material of plant was collected during the flowering period in the Akmola region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The plant materials were dried at the shade and their essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger-type device, the yield was 0.34 %. The component composition of essential oil was analyzed using GC/MS Clarus-SQ 8 (Perkin Elmer). Antiradical activity of essential oil was evaluated according to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), gallic acid (GA) and butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) were used as comparison reagents. Cytotoxic activity was carried out using test on larvae of Artemia salina. Antibacterial effect of EO was evaluated in vitro against 3 pathogenic bacteria species, namely gram-positive — Staphylococcus aureus 6532, Bacillus cereus, gram-negative — Salmonella enteridis and microscope fungi Candida albicans SC5314. Forty seven components representing 91.2 % composition of the essential oil were characterized. The main components of the oil were α-thujone (43.0 %), 1,8-cineole (11.0 %), terpinen-4-ol (5.3 %), camphor (5.3 %) and sabinene (3.1 %). According to the results of DPPH assay, A. salicifolia showed low antiradical activity comparing with BHA and lethal toxicity concerning crustaceans of Artemia salina larvae in all tested concentrations (1–10 mg•ml-1).