Monitoring of phytophages in spring wheat agrocenoses in view of applying different agrotechnological methods in the conditions of the North-East of Kazakhstan

Abstract

The article discusses issues related to the impact of agrotechnical practices (sowing time and preceding crop) on the number and species diversity of pests in spring wheat varieties of foreign and Kazakhstan breeding in the conditions of the North-East of Kazakhstan. In order to increase plant resistance to pests and identify the impact of various preceding crops the research in 2022 was conducted in agricultural organizations located in the regions of North-Eastern Kazakhstan. The spring and summer of the vegetation period of 2022 were characterized by high temperatures and a lack of moisture in the soil, impact of which is seen in the form of turgor decrease in plant organisms and their resistance to various damages. In the course of early sowing of Triso wheat, the plants were more affected at the initial stage of development by the lack of moisture in the soil and high temperatures, which identified in the form growth retardation and increased plant susceptibility to pest damage. The sowing of other varieties was carried out at the optimal time recommended by the scientific institutions of the region ― in the period of May 15‒24. This allowed the culture to develop normally and avoid the most vulnerable phases during the maximum level of summer precipitation, which is typical for North-Eastern Kazakhstan in the third decade of June. The practical significance of the work is in the possibility of effective implementation of protective measures and optimization of the agricultural technology used in accordance with the soil and climatic conditions of crop cultivation and species diversity of phytophages.