The size dependence of the physical properties of nanoparticles and nanofilms

Abstract

Dimensional analysis of the experimentally observed dependence of the physical properties of nanoparticles, nanofilms and nanomaterials showed that there is a universal equation that accurately describes the observed size effects. It is shown that the size factor is also a universal value and is determined only by the atomic structure of the nanomaterial. Discovered universal relationships enable us to calculate the physical properties (mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, etc.) of small particles and thin films based on knowledge of the properties of bulk materials. Based on the example of the nucleation of a new phase it is shown that the classical theory are applicable, taking into account the size dependence of the surface tension. The calculation of the temperature field of plate nanometer thickness showed that it is necessary to take into account the size dependence of all physical parameters of the theory (coefficients of thermal conductivity, etc.).