Response to environmental cultivation conditions of spring wheat varieties of different maturity groups.

Abstract

Wheat is the main grain crop grown in global agriculture, including in Russia. The main goal of farmers is to produce wheat grain in a volume sufficient to meet food and feed purposes, with high quality indicators. Possessing such a property as plasticity, wheat allows the producer to grow it in many regions of Russia, regardless of their soil and climatic indicators. The sown area occupied by wheat in Russia annually fluctuates within 29.5 million hectares. An important element in the used wheat agricultural technology is a cultivar. The purpose of our research was to assess the responsiveness of spring wheat cultivars to the environmental conditions of their cultivation and to identify the most adapted ones to the growing conditions. The studies were conducted in three ecologically different zones of Altai Krai: Priobskaya, Prialtaiskaya and Biysko- Chumyshskaya zones in 2019-2022. The objects of the studies were represented by spring wheat cultivars of three maturity groups: mid-early group — 6 cultivars; mid-ripening group — 11 cultivars; mid-late group — 5 cultivars. It was found that the “year” factor has the maximum influence on wheat in the formation of yield. The greatest responsiveness to vegetation conditions in the formation of yield was noted in the cultivars OmskGAU 90, Altayskaya 105, Tobolskaya, Altayskaya stepnaya, Altayskaya zhnitsa.