Component composition of Achillea micrantha essential oil and its biological activity

Abstract

Data on study of the component composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Achillea micrantha Willd. (Asteraceae family) are presented in this article. The raw materials for the researching were collected at the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Karaganda region during the flowering period. Essential oil of plant by hydrodistillation was obtained, the yield is 0.22 %. The component composition of essential oil was studied using GC/MS Clarus-SQ 8 (PerkinElmer). Antimicrobial, antifungal, antimalarial, cytotoxic, antiradical and anti-tuberculosis activities of essential oil were studied. Antibacterial and antifungal activity were identified using the strain of 5 human-pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, St. aureus (MRSa), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium intracellulare) and 5 fungi (Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, Aspergillus fumigates, Cryptococcus neoformans). Antimalarial activity of the sample was tested for its ability to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum of protozoa. Cytotoxic activity carried out using test on larvae of Artemia salina. Determination of antiradical activity of essential oil was performed against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), as a reagent for comparison, gallic acid (GA) and butylhydroxyanisole (BHA). The tuberculosis activity of essential oil was determined on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv sensitive to all five first-line antituberculosis drugs (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pirazinamide). As a result of research it was established that A. micrantha Willd essential oil doesn't possess or shows low degree of the above types of activity, shows lethal toxicity concerning Artemia salina larvae of crustaceans in all tested concentration (1–10 mg/ml).