THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KAZAKHSTAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

Abstract

Kazakhstan's education system, like many other countries in recent years takes part in international comparative studies. As it is known, to improve the quality of education it is necessary to carry out continuous monitoring of the status and trends of its development, objective and adequate assessment of educational achievements of students. Especially it is important at the secondary level, laying the foundation for their further personal development and civic formation. Kazakhstan participation in the PISA study, TIMSS, PIRLS is dictated by a number of factors that lead to the need for reform the control and the evaluation of the education system: the integration of Kazakhstan education system into the world educational space, the implementation in Kazakhstan principles of the Bologna process, the need to introduce international quality standards of education and control of the results, changes in the content of education, the construction of the Kazakhstan education quality assessment system. The results of these studies indicate a slow and zigzag advancement of Kazakhstan's education to improve the quality of teaching functional literacy of students. In this article we try to find out some of the reasons that the results obtained are still below the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) average. In this regard, among the many factors of success/ failure of Kazakh students in solving problems of TIMSS (Trends in Mathematics and Science and Study) and PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), we have identified the nature of study materials that tend to systematically set out in textbooks. Based on this, we analyzed the content of a number of textbooks in mathematics, chemistry and biology for the presence of these tasks, aimed at forming functional literacy of students. We believe that in the mathematical and natural scientific competences of students the functional literacy in a dominant position. This starting position for our study is connected with the fact that over the years, Kazakhstan is focused on the transition from knowledgecentered education to competency paradigm of learning. This allows more clearly define the goals of modern education policy, commensurate rate of educational progress in the world and in their own country, to track changes in the level of students' literacy in Kazakhstan over time to evaluate the factors that influence the results and the effectiveness of training and help in formulating recommendations and strategies to reform the education system in Kazakhstan. Казахстанская система образования, как и многих других стран, на протяжении последних лет принимает участие в международных сравнительных исследованиях. Результаты данных исследований свидетельствуют о медленном и зигзагообразном продвижении казахстанского образования к улучшению качества обучения функциональной грамотности школьников. В данной статье мы попытаемся выяснить некоторые причины того, что полученные результаты пока еще ниже среднего показателя по ОЭСР. В этой связи среди многих факторов успешности/неуспешности казахстанских школьников в решении задач TIMSS и PISA мы выделили характер учебных материалов, которые, как правило, системно излагаются в учебниках. Исходя из этого, мы проанализировали содержание ряда учебников по математике, химии и биологии на предмет наличия в них заданий, направленных на формирование функциональной грамотности школьников. Мы полагаем, что в составе математических и естественнонаучных компетенций школьников функциональная грамотность занимает доминирующее положение. Такая исходная позиция для нашего исследования связана с тем, что на протяжении ряда лет Казахстан ориентирован на переход от знаниецентрированного образования к компетентностной парадигме обучения.