From Sigmund Freud's “dissatisfaction (discontent) with culture” to a reassessment of values in the 21st century

Abstract

The article gives a socio-philosophical analysis of the axiological choice and focuses on the difference between the value attitude and the cognitive attitude. The authors of the article relies on the point of view, according to which the philosophical science of the XXI century, when studying culture, proposes to proceed from an axiological understanding of the global processes taking place in the modern world. The article concludes about the historical originality of the current stage and the historical need to build a new axiological system. The authors did not set themselves a part of a detailed analysis of the ideas of Z. Freud, which he outlined in his work “Dissatisfaction with Culture”. The aim of the authors was to take from Freud's reflections the controversy “culture is the source of human disaster” and the proposals of trade with the positions of modern cultural studies. A paradox arises: it is culture that owns the means of suffering, which culture both generates. The decisive step of culture is to replace the power of the individual with the power of society and, consequently, with restrictions. The authors, starting from the Freudian idea of dissatisfaction with culture in the psychological and religious sense, prove the relevance of applying the axiological approach in various fields of knowledge of the modern world, modern society. In conclusion, the authors concludes that the global problems of modern civilization are closely related to the values of mankind, their reassessment and rethinking, the search for new content in their inconsistency.